Datta S, et al. – Researchers assessed 37 authenticated untreated post–kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) individuals, including 20 polymorphic and 17 macular PKDL manifestations, for the levels of sera galectin-3 relative to 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls from endemic areas to examine the levels of galectin-3 and galectin-3–binding site expression in the circulation of various forms of Indian people with PKDL. Results were well established, with a positive association of IL-10 and IFN-γ with sera galectin-3 levels. Furthermore, the enhanced expression levels of the galectin-3–binding site in circulation were demonstrated by flow cytometry in people with PKDL vs healthy controls. Thus, increased levels of galectin-3 may be indicative of its role in PKDL pathogenesis.