Chang JL, et al. - The relationships between efavirenz use and depression and suicidal ideation among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in Uganda were investigated in this prospective observational cohort study. For the purpose of this investigation, adult PLHIV enlisted toward the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and observed every 3 to 4 months from 2005 to 2015. Among PLHIV in Uganda, no evidence was discovered that use of efavirenz in first-line ART increased the risk for depression or suicidal ideation compared with nevirapine use.