Guo CG, Cheung KS, Zhang F, et al. - Researchers conducted a territory-wide retrospective cohort study to examine the impacts of different time until retreatment, after failure of initial Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, on subsequent risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). From January 2003 through December 2012, 70,518 patients with H pylori infection were included who had received their first course of clarithromycin-based triple therapy in Hong Kong. Patients who required retreatment had an overall higher risk of UGIB compared with the reference group, even after last eradication therapy. Compared with patients who responded to the initial therapy, those failed by initial H pylori eradication have an increased risk of UGIB. Risk increased gradually with longer periods of time until retreat. Early retreatment should be considered within 3 months to reduce subsequent risk of UGIB.