Clements MB, Vertosick EA, Guerrios-Rivera L, et al. - In this study, a moderately elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer was found, independent of other risk factors, in men with indications for biopsy and a family history of prostate or breast cancer.

• In this multicenter study of men undergoing prostate biopsy, the risk of high-grade prostate cancer on biopsy based on a family history of cancer was estimated.

• For 15,799 men, a first-degree prostate cancer family history was obtained, and a more detailed family history was available for 4,617 (median age 65 yr, both cohorts).

• For high-grade prostate cancer, the estimated adjusted odds were 1.77 times greater (risk ratio [RR] = 1.40) with first-degree prostate cancer, 1.38 (RR = 1.22) for second-degree prostate cancer, and 1.30 (RR = 1.18) for first-degree breast cancer family histories.

• Interaction terms demonstrated that the impact of a family history did not vary based on prostate-specific antigen but varied based on age.