Salardi S, Porta M, Maltoni G, et al. - In this multicentre, retrospective, observational study, experts aspired to explore whether the prevalence of retinopathy has declined over the last 2 decades in individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes and whether this might be explained by changes in lifetime HbA1c. The sample consisted of 128 patients with diabetes onset in 2000-2003 evaluated for retinopathy in 2016-2019, with a previous cohort of 115 people diagnosed in 1990-1993 and evaluated for retinopathy in 2007-2009. Data reported that the prevalence of any retinopathy in the new and old cohort was 24.2% and 43.5%, respectively, and that of severe retinopathy was 1.7% and 9.6%. When compared with previous cohorts, the risk of developing retinopathy in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in the new millennium was nearly halved. Such findings verify that maintaining the lowest possible levels of HbA1c throughout lifetime protects from diabetic retinopathy.