Kastenbom L, et al. - Researchers conducted this investigation to assess treatment costs and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) weights for caries active and inactive adult individuals, as well as to test if the generic instrument EQ-5D-5 L can distinguish differences in this population. A total of 1,200 randomly selected individuals have been invited to participate from dental clinics in Västerbotten County, Sweden. Of these, 79 caries active and 179 caries inactive patients to take part. Criteria for inclusion were candidates between 20 and 65 years old and same caries risk group categorization in two consecutive check-ups between 2014 and 2017. Compared with individuals without caries progression, the treatment costs are twice as high for caries active group individuals. More problems relating to the dimension anxiety/depression was observed in the caries active group in the EQ-5D-5 L instrument. In the caries active group, QALY weights showed tendencies (non-significant) to be lower. This study confirms that, regardless of age, the treatment cost of dental caries is high. Young adults tend to cost many non-intact teeth and three-fold treatment compared with caries-free young people. To prioritize treatment methods and allocate available resources, reliable instruments for health economic evaluations are required in dentistry. Further research is required to investigate appropriate instruments within dentistry for health economic evaluation.