Kennedy–Martin T, et al. – The aim of this literature review was to examine published evidence on health care costs correlated with adherence or persistence to antidiabetes medications in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The findings suggested that few studies have assessed the connection between adherence, persistence, and health care costs in T2DM. However, it has been consistently noted that medication nonadherence increases health care costs, implying that cost savings from better adherence could be substantial. This review supported the economic case for identification of strategies that facilitate improved medication adherence in patients with T2DM.