Hattori K, et al. – An exploration was conducted of the association between lanthanum (La) dosage with lanthanum deposition in the gastroduodenal mucosa of dialysis patients. The data illustrated that the causality with their histologic features, e.g. intestinal metaplasia and degree of inflammation, were inconclusive between the groups with and without La deposition. No critical symptoms were brought to light. However, the accumulation of more cases was required to clarify the mechanism of La deposition. This was attributed to the dialysis patients taking phosphate buffers for a long period.