Ben M’Barek I, Landraud L, Desfrere L, et al. - Researchers conducted this retrospective single-center cohort study to determine microbiological risk factors for early-onset neonatal infection (EONI) in case of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 34 weeks of gestation. The sample consisted of patients with PPROM before 34 W G from 2008 to 2016. Vaginal swabs were collected at admission and at delivery as per usual care and were analyzed by Gram stain and culture for vaginal dysbiosis ie, lactobacilli depletion and/or presence of potential pathogens. EONI was significantly linked to dysbiosis at the time of rupture and at delivery. In the case of PPROM, dysbiosis after rupture and at delivery, but not the presence of pathogens in the VS culture, was linked to the risk of EONI.