Inoue D, et al. - Researchers conducted this retrospective study to investigate and compare clinical outcomes of individuals receiving dialysis vs those who had prior renal transplantation. The sample consisted of 107 patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty between 2000-2017, who were receiving dialysis (n = 50) or had prior renal transplantation (n = 57). To determine independent risk factors for complications and revision, multivariate analysis was performed. Among dialysis patients, there was a significantly higher level of postoperative complications relative to renal transplant. In particular, there were increased rates of surgical site infection and periprosthetic joint infection compared with the transplant cohort in the dialysis group. Additionally, in dialysis patients, increased revision rates and reduced implant survivorship were noted. Multivariate analysis showed that renal transplant patients were less likely to require revision arthroplasty and that TKA (vs THA) was an independent risk factor for dialysis failure patients. This research provides more evidence that patients on dialysis on the list of transplants must wait for arthroplasty before transplantation has occurred. Extreme care should be practised in dialysis patients who are not eligible for transplantation and additional techniques should be used to reduce the high rate of complication that can be encountered.