Heo JS, et al. - Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) were compared with those of VLBW infants born after natural pregnancy (NP) in terms of neonatal outcomes in this prospective cohort study. Among 6,871 VLBW infants born from January 2014 to December 2016, 4,438 infants were born as singletons (IVF = 271; NP = 4,167), and 2,433 infants were born as multiplets (IVF = 1,301; NP = 1,132). Very low birth weight infants born as singletons after IVF and those born after NP exhibited comparable neonatal outcomes, except an increased risk of high-stage retinopathy of prematurity among those born after IVF. Fewer neurologic morbidities were noted in very low birth weight infants born as multiplets after IVF than those born after NP.