Kurozumi A, et al. - In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had been treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for ≥8 weeks and had a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of ≥120 mg/dL, authors comparatively examined the effects of anagliptin (ANA) on serum lipid profile with those of alogliptin (ALO). Yielded data did not exhibit any prominent difference in percentage change in LDL-C level at 24 weeks between the ANA and ALO groups. Thus, it was inferred that the LDL-C-lowering effects of ANA and ALO at 24 weeks were almost similar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A tendency for a decrease in LDL-C level at 24 weeks, however, was reported in the ANA group. Such an improvement was mediated, at least partly, via the suppression of apolipoprotein B-100 synthesis.