Jang TL, et al. - Researchers compared the survival outcomes and adverse effects associated with radical prostatectomy (RP) in combination with radiotherapy (XRT) vs XRT plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPCa; cT3-T4N0M0) or regionally advanced prostate cancer (RAPCa; cT3-T4N1M0). They used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare to identify and collect relevant data, and used the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models for survival analyses. The investigators found that men with LAPCa or RAPCa who were initially treated with RP in combination with XRT had a lower risk of prostate cancer-specific death and improved overall survival but higher rates of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence vs those treated with XRT plus ADT.