Aoki A, et al. - This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of interferon-γ neutralizing autoantibodies (nIFNγ-autoAb) as well as the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and natural history, in patients with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Without a diagnosis of clinical immunodeficiency, nIFNγ-autoAb were present in most patients with disseminated NTM infection. A high degree of suspicion was required for the diagnosis of disseminated NTM and could be improved by measuring serum nIFNγ-autoAb titer. Long-term antibiotic therapy helped in preventing recrudescent NTM infection.