Jani R, Mhaskar K, Tsiampalis T, et al. - This meta-analysis revealed a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence events [risk ratio (RR) =1.34] and recurrent CVD events (RR=1.86) in the lowest than the highest category of circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D).

• A total of 79 studies (46,713 CVD cases in 1 397 831 participants) were analyzed.

• A 34% and 86% higher risk of CVD incidence and recurrent CVD event was reported in relation to the presence of low 25(OH)D.

• Low 25(OH)D may confer more (86% vs 34%) detrimental outcomes on the risk of recurrent CVD event than CVD incidence event.

• A 6% lower risk of non-fatal CVD incidence event was observed in relation to every 10ng/ml increment of 25(OH)D.

• Every 10ng/ml increase of 25(OH)D conferred 55% decrease in the risk of recurrent fatal CVD event.

• A 20% decrease in the risk of recurrent combined CVD event was evident with every 10ng/ml increment of 25(OH)D.