Harrison TG, et al. – In this systematic review and meta-analysis involving 36 randomized controlled trials, researchers examined the surrogacy of changing proteinuria or albuminuria for cardiovascular (CV) events, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and all-cause mortality. Studies included in the analysis involved adults who reported change in proteinuria or albuminuria and ≥ 10 CV, ESRD, or all-cause mortality events. They found that, for ESRD, change in proteinuria or albuminuria may be a suitable surrogate outcome. However, inconsistent overall treatment effects on these potential surrogates were noted. These surrogates over-estimated the treatment effects on CV events and all-cause mortality.