Shepherd L, et al. – In this study involving 35,442 participants who were followed from January 1, 2004, to February 1, 2016, researchers examined the clinical benefits of cessation of cigarette smoking on cancer incidence in HIV–infected individuals. They categorized participants as ex-smokers (21%), current smokers (49%), or never-smokers (30%). They observed an increase in lung cancer incidence < 1 year after cessation, which remained 8 times higher 5 years following smoking cessation. They also noted a higher incidence of other smoking-related cancers in the first year after cessation, which subsequently decreased to a level similar to non-smokers.