Marlais M, et al. - Given a significant proportion of children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are increasingly recognized to have hypertension, researchers evaluated blood pressure and cardiovascular status in children (< 18 years) with ADPKD in this prospective two-centre observational study. They compared the patients (n = 47) against age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (n = 49). Findings revealed that hypertension was highly prevalent among children with ADPKD. In comparison with healthy peers, these patients were found to develop early cardiovascular dysfunction with increased indexed left ventricular mass and reduced pulse pressure amplification despite preserved carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. The necessity of routine screening of children with ADPKD was strengthened by the observation that these early cardiovascular abnormalities are likely to be amenable to antihypertensive treatment.