Wilkinson J, et al. - Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed uninfected (PHEU) children were compared regarding distributions of serum cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, to determine their associations with echocardiographic measures, and among PHIV youth, with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV disease severity measures. This prospective multicenter cohort study of PHIV and PHEU youth revealed modest, significant differences in terms of serum levels of specific inflammatory and active myocardial injury biomarkers between PHEU and PHIV. Lower left ventricular (LV) mass and shifts in LV structure were noted in association with higher biomarker levels.