Lebwohl B, Green PHR, Emilsson L, et al. - Because celiac disease (CD) is linked to an increased risk of death, including cancer, researchers conducted a population-based study of the risk of cancer in CD. Utilizing the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden cohort, all patients in Sweden with CD as defined by duodenal villus atrophy were identified. Since 2000, 30,080 (64%) of the 47,241 CD patients have been diagnosed. The incidence of cancer was 6.5 and 5.7 per 1000 person-years in CD patients and controls after a median follow-up of 11.5 years. This Swedish nationwide study discovered a small but persistent excess risk of cancer in CD. This increased risk was mostly restricted to the first year of follow-up and those diagnosed after age 40; long-term risk was only observed for hematologic and certain gastrointestinal malignancies.