Patel M, Waller JL, Baer SL, et al. - Using the US Renal Data System, researchers conducted a nationwide cohort analysis to discover the incidence of selected malignancies and detect their potential risk factors in HIV-infected dialysis individuals. The sample consisted of all HIV-infected individuals beginning dialysis from 2005 to 2011. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, HIV status, comorbidities, and malignancies were identified. Overall, 6,641 dialysis patients diagnosed with HIV were identified, with 543 carrying a malignancy diagnosis. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and colorectal cancer were the most common malignancies. More than 8% of HIV-infected dialysis individuals developed a malignancy. Cancer history and AIDS-defining opportunistic infections were major risk factors, underlining the role of immune dysregulation in the development of malignancy.