Hoogman M, et al. - Cortical characteristics related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were investigated via comparing cortical thickness and surface area between patients with ADHD (N=2,246) and controls (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD—a consortium of 36 centers. Researchers found that children with ADHD exhibited lower surface area values, primarily in frontal, cingulate, and temporal regions. The largest significant effect was for total surface area. In addition, lower fusiform gyrus and temporal pole cortical thickness were noted in children with ADHD. In adults and adolescents, there was no differences in either surface area or thickness differences. In several regions, researchers noted familial effects for surface area. In the Generation-R sample, surface area, but not thickness, was associated with attention problems in an overlapping set of regions.