Elfassy T, et al. – In this study, researchers assessed the impact of income volatility from 1990 to 2005 on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the subsequent 10 years. This prospective cohort study was conducted within urban field centers in Birmingham, AL, Chicago, IL, Minneapolis, MN, and Oakland, CA. At study baseline (1990), the investigators evaluated a total of 3,937 black and white participants aged 23-35 years. The intraindividual SD of the percentage change in income across five assessments from 1990 to 2005 defined income volatility. Between 2005 and 2015, the occurrence of 106 CVD events and 164 deaths was reported (incident rate, 2.76 and 3.66 per 1,000 person-years, respectively). Ultimately, the researchers noted an independent association of income volatility as well as drops during a 15-year period of formative earning years, with a nearly 2-fold risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in this cohort of relatively young adults.