Fuster DG, Morard GA, Schneider L, et al. - Since gender-specific disparities in kidney stone formation with respect to both distribution of prevalence and stone composition are widely defined and may be impacted by sex hormones, thus, researchers used a cohort of 628 kidney stone formers to examine the link between 24-hour urinary sex hormone metabolites with urinary calcium, oxalate and citrate excretion, taking into account demographic features, kidney function and dietary factors, in this cross-sectional study. Participants were selected from a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland. Urinary calcium was found to be positively associated with urinary testosterone and 17β-estradiol. As the only sex hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone showed an inverse link with urinary oxalate excretion in adjusted analyses. There was a positive correlation of urinary citrate with urinary testosterone. Overall, findings showed significant links of urinary androgens and estrogens with urinary calcium and citrate excretion, and links were partially altered by diet. Dehydroepiandrosterone was identified as a novel factor related to urinary oxalate excretion in humans.