Baker JM, Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Pitzer VE, et al. - To obtain more representative estimates, it is necessary to incorporate effect estimates from many data sources into diarrheal illness cause and burden of disease models.

• The authors conducted a systematic review to find case-control and cohort studies published between January 1, 1990, and July 9, 2019, that looked at at least one enteropathogen of interest and the outcome diarrhea.

• After screening 1,964 data, 130 studies (over 88,079 cases or diarrhea samples and 135,755 controls or non-diarrhea samples) were available for analysis.

• Heterogeneity (I ²) was substantial in unadjusted models, ranging from 27·6% to 86·6% across pathogens.

• Summary ORs varied by age group and setting in stratified and adjusted models, ranging from 0·4 for Giardia lamblia to 54·1 for Vibrio cholerae.