Weinberger DM, et al. - Authors assessed how the buildup of vaccine-related immunity in children was correlated with declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to vaccine-targeted serotypes in unimmunized adults. They used the data from children visiting an Emergency Department in southern Israel and from surveys of colonization from central Israel. Findings suggested the closest association of the declines in IPD in adults with the declines in colonization and increased vaccination coverage among children in the age range of 36–59 months. They noted that for maintaining the indirect benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), preschool-aged children, rather than infants, are responsible.