Kamal H, Sadr-Azodi O, Engstrand L, et al. - Using a nationwide population-based cohort in Sweden, it was investigated if prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) results in an elevated risk of incident biliary tract carcinoma. There were 738,881 PPI users (median follow-up of 5.3 years), among those, development of gallbladder cancer was evident in 206 (0.03%), and occurrence of extrahepatic- and intrahepatic bile duct cancer was seen in 265 (0.04%) and 131 (0.02%), respectively, corresponding to standardized incidence ratios of 1.58; 1.77 and 1.88, respectively. Findings revealed that relative to the general population, there was an elevated risk of gallbladder, intrahepatic, and extrahepatic bile ducts cancer in relation to long-term use of PPIs.