Yang TH, Xirasagar S, Cheng YF, et al. - From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, the authors retrieved data for this case-control study to investigate the link between pioglitazone, an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent used to treat T2DM, use and the occurrence of head and neck cancer. Study participants included 21,464 diabetic individuals newly diagnosed with head and neck cancers. Propensity score matching was used to choose 64,392 comparison patients (3:1 ratio). Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference between cases and controls in the prevalence of prior use of pioglitazone. Multiple regression analysis exhibited adjusted odds of pioglitazone use of 1.06 among cases compared with controls. Findings suggested an association of prior pioglitazone use with oral cavity cancer.