de Araújo TVB, et al. - A striking increase in congenital microcephaly cases following a Zika virus epidemic emerged in northeast Brazil in 2015, and triggered a declaration of an international public health emergency. Authors here presented the final report of the first case-control study evaluating the potential causes of microcephaly: congenital Zika virus infection; vaccines; and larvicides. The findings confirmed the association between microcephaly and congenital Zika virus infection. Evidence was also provided regarding the absence of an effect of other potential factors, such as exposure to pyriproxyfen or vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis, measles, rubella, and mumps) during pregnancy.