Kanazawa I, et al. - Authors evaluated the utility of combined evaluation by bone mineral density (BMD) and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to evaluate the risk of vertebral fracture (VF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is the first study that demonstrated that in patients with T2DM the assessment using serum IGF-I, in addition to BMD measurement, is useful to estimate the prevalence of VF. A significantly increased risk of VF was seen in the category of lower IGF-I and lower T-scores vs higher IGF-I and higher T-scores both in postmenopausal women and in men.