Welinder L, et al. - Researchers conducted a 17-year retrospective regional study to examine outcomes of routine vision screening vs as-indicated ophthalmological investigation of all children born preterm (gestation age < 32 weeks or birthweight < 1500 g) in a Danish region from 1997 to 2014. All children born preterm screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) have been divided into two groups. In the as-indicated period, a total of 560 children were included, at 6 months and 3 years respectively, 41 and 87 were referred for ophthalmological investigation. Cerebral palsy and epilepsy were significantly associated with vision impairment, whereas treated ROP was not. Refractive error was common at 3 years, particularly astigmatism. Vision impairment or refractive error was not linked to gestational age, birthweight and ROP. Compared with examination when indicated, screening preterm children at 6 months and 3 years did not exhibit more visually impaired children.