Crane G, Smoljanovic V, Khan N, et al. - Using clinical trial inclusion criteria, researchers evaluated clinical practice patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for the burden that central nervous system (CNS) metastases has on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as healthcare resource use (HRU). According to baseline CNS metastases status, they enrolled patients ≥ 18 years with metastatic NSCLC, ECOG performance status 0–2, and life expectancy ≥12 weeks into two cohorts. Validated questionnaires were utilized to evaluate HRQoL. There were 162 patients included, with 80 in the CNS cohort and 82 in the non-CNS cohort. Across cohorts, though with some exceptions, cancer pharmacotherapy, procedures, and concomitant treatment were similar. More CNS patients were hospitalised at baseline for longer, and by Visit 2, more CNS patients were hospitalised with emergency room visits. More CNS patients had MRI scans, but fewer had fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) scans vs non-CNS patients at baseline. On applying selected clinical trial criteria, minor differences in HRQoL/HRU were evident between patients with advanced NSCLC with and without CNS metastases, as per these findings from clinical practice. The follow-up was short, but comparable HRQoL scores were observed between cohorts at all visits, bringing support to the broader inclusion of selected patients with CNS disease into clinical trials.