Wächter S, Vorländer C, Schabram J, et al. - Researchers sought to determine the changing trends of treatment concepts in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and associated overall survival (OS) over the last two decades. Forty-two patients with histologically confirmed anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) were assessed in this retrospective analysis. For all tumor stages, median OS was 6 (range 1 week–79) months; it was 6.5 months for stage IVA/B and 4 months for stage IVC carcinoma patients. Curative treatment was undertaken in 21 patients with stage IVA/B carcinomas; it comprised thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy (TTX plus LAD, n = 11) or multimodal treatment with TTX plus LAD and external beam radiation plus/minus chemotherapy (n = 10). A significantly prolonged median OS was achieved in patients with stage IVA/B carcinomas when provided multimodal treatment vs surgery alone (25 vs 3 months). The findings support providing concurrent radio- and/or chemotherapy in combination with surgery for improving survival in stage IVA/B ATC, whereas this is not the case in patients with stage IVC tumors. Novel treatment regimens are urgently needed to improve the dismal prognosis of ATC.