Escota G, Baker J, Bush T, et al. - Researchers examined how coronary artery calcium (CAC) is associated with BMD among younger to middle-aged HIV-infected persons. From the Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy during 2004–2006, they assessed data of 472 relevant participants (76% male, 30% non-Hispanic black, median age 41 years, and 71% with HIV RNA < 400 copies/mL). Majority of these participants (82%) had no detectable CAC but had baseline osteopenia (53%) or osteoporosis (10%). In univariate analysis, they observed lower femoral neck/total hip T-scores, lower femoral neck/total hip/lumbar spine BMD, and higher rates of osteopenia/osteoporosis among participants with detectable CAC. All associations did not remain significant following adjustment for age; however, these associations were not attenuated following adjustment for traditional risk factors excluding age and HIV-related variables. Aging hence remains an important contributor to non–AIDS-defining illnesses. Data thereby highlights the value of amplifying screening and prevention strategies for aging HIV-infected persons in view of their excess risk across a wide spectrum of end-organ complications.