Mostofian F, et al. - Through a 20-year retrospective cohort study that contrasted 94 patients eligible for treatment with inhaled tobramycin at first Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolation (“recent cohort”) with 27 historical controls (“historical cohort”), the researchers intended to quantify the long-term impression of early PA eradication on the risk of chronic PA infection in children (0–18 years old) with cystic fibrosis (CF, highly susceptible to chronic respiratory tract colonization and subsequent recurrent infection with PA) previous to and after the introduction of a province-wide newborn screening (NBS) program. A smaller proportion of individuals in the recent cohort developed chronic PA and in the historical vs recent cohort, the adjusted risk of chronic infection was 2.90. Nonetheless, NBS was not independently correlated with the risk of chronic PA infection following its introduction. In conclusion, regardless of early diagnosis, early eradication of PA was related to a decreased risk of chronic PA. Nevertheless, since the introduction of early eradication protocols. concomitant improvements in medical care may have provided to these long-term perceived advantages.