Razazi K, et al. - A large panel of sepsis mediators was analyzed during human septic shock for biological coherence and clinical significance in septic myocardial dysfunction and organ failures during shock. On the first day of septic shock, plasma levels of 24 mediators were evaluated. By hierarchical clustering, clinically relevant three main clusters of sepsis mediators were discovered. Inflammatory cytokines of innate immunity were involved in one cluster, with most of these demonstrating relation to septic myocardial dysfunction, organ failures and mortality; an additive impact of inflammatory cytokines related to septic myocardial dysfunction was also evident. A tight correlation of another cluster, involving adaptive immunity and repair (with IL-17/IFN pathway and VEGF), with a surrogate of early sepsis resolution (lactate clearance) and ICU survival, was noted. Overall, a cluster of cytokines implicated in innate inflammatory response related to septic myocardial dysfunction and organ failures was identified in this preliminary study.