Brennan MT, Bonawitz R, Gill CJ, et al. - HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) vs HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) infants and children were examined for their outcomes regarding diarrhea and pneumonia. In this meta-analysis, researchers included 12 studies, and 17,955 infants and children (n = 5,074 [28.3%] HEU and n = 12,881 [71.7%] HUU). HEU vs HUU infants and children were noted to be at a higher risk of diarrhea and pneumonia. Although there has been immense success in preventing mother-to-child transmission, there is a growing population of children that appear to be vulnerable to not only death, but greater morbidity. These findings emphasize the necessity for understanding the underlying mechanism and designing efficacious public health solutions.