Anawalt BD - Via key studies from Pubmed (1990-2018) and Google Scholar with reference searches from relevant retrieved articles, researchers characterized effective, safe management of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) cessation and withdrawal. Within 1 year of cessation, men who used AAS < 1 year usually recover normal hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis function. Short-term treatment with clomiphene or human chorionic gonadotropin could benefit men who are infertile after high-dose AAS use ≥ 1 year. Findings suggested an association of cessation of chronic AAS use anxiety and depression related to withdrawal. High dosage of AAS is correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The best method to confirm AAS use is to enquire in a nonjudgmental manner for non-elite athletes.