Kato M, et al. - Using data from annual health checkups carried out at the Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center, Tokyo, Japan, researchers investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, eradication, and diabetes. Using logistic regression, they examined the connection between H. pylori infection and diabetes. Of the 21,634 subjects, 6,530 (30.2%) had a current or past history of H. pylori infection, and 1,184 (5.5%) were identified as having diabetes. The results obtained from the present cross-sectional study indicate that current H. pylori infection was related to an increased risk of diabetes. This increased risk was not observed after eradication in participants. These results are in line with the hypothesis that H. pylori infection increases diabetes risk.