Turner MC, et al. - In the large-scale Spanish Bladder Cancer Study, the links between ambient air pollution and bladder cancer risk were studied. Researchers used European multicity land-use regression models and allocated approximations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations to the geocoded participant residence of 938 incident bladder cancer cases and 973 hospital controls. They used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the links. Findings revealed neither ambient PM2.5 nor NO2 concentrations were linked to incident bladder cancer risk. Effect modification by age group, sex, region, education, cigarette smoking status, or pack-years was not clearly evident. Among more residentially stable participants and in two-pollutant models, similar findings were noted.