Moseby-Knappe M, et al. - In this study using biobank data from 717 patients at 29 sites, researchers ascertained if serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels can be used for neurological outcome prediction after cardiac arrest. Between November 11, 2010 and January 10, 2013, patients were included; 782 unconscious patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin were eligible. Serum NFL concentrations were analyzed with an ultrasensitive immunoassay at 24, 48 and 72 hours after cardiac arrest. Findings revealed that serum NFL levels performed significantly higher than other biochemical serum markers (ie, tau, neuron-specific enolase, and S100). Serum NFL levels had greater sensitivity for poor outcome vs routine electroencephalogram, somatosensory-evoked potentials, head computed tomography, and pupillary and corneal reflexes at comparable specificities. Overall, they suggested that the serum NFL level is highly effective in predicting long-term poor neurological outcome 24 hours following cardiac arrest and can be a useful addition to neurological prognostication methods available currently.