Ryu HJ, et al. - Experts comprehensively characterized head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arising in young patients (<45 years old). Immunohistochemistry, silver, and fluorescence in situ hybridization using samples obtained from 396 radically resected cases among 1,787 HNSCCs were performed. Findings suggested the probability of identifying the underlying pathogenesis and to improve patient outcome through different treatment strategies to characterize these features of young age HNSCC. The independent factors for poor progression-free survival were perineural invasion, PD-L1 positivity, and higher ratio of CD163+ tumor infiltrating macrophages to CD8 + TILs.