Hughes JM, et al. - Among US Army soldiers, researchers ascertained if prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were associated with stress fracture diagnoses. They also examined whether acetaminophen, an analgesic alternative to NSAIDs, was linked to the risk of stress fractures. Using data from the Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database from 2002 to 2011 (n = 1,260,168), a nested case-control study was conducted. During basic combat training (BCT), the risk was more than 5-fold greater in soldiers prescribed NSAIDs and more than 4-fold greater in soldiers prescribed acetaminophen. Findings revealed that NSAID prescription was related to a 2.9-fold increase and acetaminophen prescription with a 2.1-fold increase in stress fracture risk within the total Army population. Particularly during periods of heightened physical activity, an association was found between NSAID and acetaminophen prescriptions and stress fracture risk.