Markland A, et al. - As an indirect measure of infrequent voiding behaviors, experts conducted a rapid literature review and meta-analysis of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by occupation to test the presumption that chronic, infrequent voiding may be a risk factor for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. The ability to evaluate LUTS by occupation types is limited by the current literature. In 30 studies (23% using validated measures), urinary incontinence was reported, in 6 (50% validated) OAB was reported, and UTIs were reported in 2 (non-validated). Among the studies, the degree of heterogeneity was too high in pooled models to perform valid prevalence estimates for LUTS.