Ma KL, et al. - In this retrospective clinical study of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), how lipoprotein(a) (Lpa) impacts atherosclerosis progression was explored. In addition, if CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) mediates its potential mechanism was investigated. High plasma Lpa levels, by causing Lpa accumulation in the arteries, led to atherosclerosis acceleration, which was associated with LDLr and CXCL16. Both of these lipoproteins could be major lipoprotein components that regulate the entry of Lpa into arterial cells.