McGregor S, et al. - Given human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination provides the opportunity to greatly reduce cervical cancer occurrence and mortality, researchers investigated HPV infection rates among Australian Indigenous women 7 years after implementation of the national HPV vaccination program. A comparison was performed between women who were recruited at participating sites and those who had been recruited at the same locations in the 2007 pre-vaccine survey. Except for age, which was identical, differences noted between the two groups included the presence of a higher proportion of hormonal contraception users and a lower proportion of smokers in the more recent group. Overall, due to the implementation of Australia’s national HPV vaccination program, a very high proportion of Indigenous women who were found to have elevated risk of cervical cancer in the past were appeared to be successfully protected against vaccine-targeted HPV types.