Yen FS, et al. - In this population-based cohort study, the hazard of cardiovascular diseases between those who use dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and those who don’t who were on insulin therapy underwent comparative analysis. The enrollment consisted of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on insulin therapy from 1997-2010. It was observed that the incidence rate per 1000 person-years (PYs) was 21.70 in DPP-4 inhibitor non-users and 9.88 in DPP-4 inhibitor users. Findings revealed that DPP-4 inhibitor users presented with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of stroke compared with non-users, while rates of CAD and heart failure were not significantly different. It was demonstrated that insulin plus DPP-4 inhibitor users demonstrated a significantly lower risk of stroke as compared with non-users.