Friedlander DA, et al. - The aim of the researchers was to determine if the prior endoscopic injection of bulking agent affected the outcomes of subsequent open ureteral reimplantation for recurrent vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). They found that after failed endoscopic injection of a bulking agent, open ureteral reimplantation for recurrent VUR was safe and effective. The outcomes and costs of his technique were comparable to open surgery in patients without prior endoscopic correction.