Cameron RL, et al. – This paper analyzed the effect of bivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, by deprivation in Scotland. The HPV vaccine displayed a correlation with marked reductions in both low–grade and high–grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) for all deprivation categories. However, the effect on high–grade disease was most profound in the most–deprived women. The findings allayed the concern that inequalities in cervical cancer could remain or increase following the introduction of the vaccine in Scotland.