Su F, Weiss NS, Beste LA, et al. - Given that patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection routinely undergo screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the effectiveness of screening remains uncertain, researchers conducted this matched case-control study to assess the effect of screening with ultrasound and/or serum alpha-fetoprotein on HCC-related mortality in patients with CHB. Cases were patients who died of HCC between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2017; controls were patients with CHB who did not die of HCC. One hundred sixty-nine cases were identified, which were matched to 169 controls. A significant reduction in HCC-related mortality in Veterans Affairs patients with CHB was correlated with HCC screening.